ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT FISH TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ U LYMPHO

Abstract

Lymphoma is a malignant disease of lymphoid tissue. The disease is very diverse in manifestations and prognosis, so from 1832 until now, there have been many classifications and formulas established to classify and diagnose. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a classification of lymphomas that could be applied worldwide. And then this classification became more and more complete in 2008, being able to distinguish the nature of the cells as B or T lymphocytes. And in 2016, WHO added genetic characteristics to classify the groups. To diagnose and classify lymphoma patients according to the WHO 2016 classification tables, it is necessary to apply a number of testing techniques, of which the FISH technique on solid tissue specimens has a lot of value. Some abnormalities that can be detected by this technique are chromosome 14 (14q32), chromosome 2 (2p12), chromosome 22 (22q11) and some other locations. Chromosomal abnormalities associated with B cell proliferation are 14q32 (IGH), 3q27 (BCL6), 11q13(CCND1), 18q21.3 (BCL2), autosomal abnormalities associated with T cells are 14q11.2 (TCRA), 7q34 (TCRB), 7p14 (TCRG), 2q23 (ALK), reciprocal translocations such as t(8;14), t(8;22) and t(2;8)… However, when implementing the technique, there are also some difficulties in close coordination between specialties and patient samples, as well as the need to combine more staining methods to analyze results accurately.